Henry IV - King Henry IV of England

Henry IV - King Henry IV of England Henry IV was also known as: Henry Bolingbroke, Henry of Lancaster, the Earl of Derbey (or Derby) and the Duke of Hereford. Henry IV was noted for: Usurping the English crown from Richard II, beginning the Lancastrian dynasty and planting the seeds of the Wars of the Roses. Henry also took part in a notable conspiracy against Richards closest associates earlier in his reign. Places of Residence and Influence: England Important Dates: Born: April, 1366 Succeeded to the throne: Sept. 30, 1399Died: Mar. 20, 1413 About Henry IV: King Edward III had fathered many sons; the oldest, Edward, the Black Prince, predeceased the old king, but not before he himself had a son: Richard. When Edward III died, the crown passed to Richard when he was only 10 years old. Another of the late kings sons, John of Gaunt, served as regent to young Richard. Henry was John of Gaunts son. When Gaunt left for an extended expedition to Spain in 1386, Henry, now about 20, became one of five leading opponents to the crown known as the lords appellant. Together they successfully made an appeal of treason to outlaw those closest to Richard. A political struggle ensued for about three years, at which point Richard began to regain some of his autonomy; but the return of John of Gaunt triggered a reconciliation. Henry then went crusading in Lithuania and Prussia, during which time his father died and Richard, still resentful of the appellants, seized the Lancastrian estates that were rightfully Henrys. Henry returned to England to take his lands through force of arms. Richard was in Ireland at the time, and as Henry proceeded from Yorkshire to London he attracted to his cause many powerful magnates, who were concerned that their rights of inheritance might be endangered as Henrys had. By the time Richard returned to London he had no support left, and he abdicated; Henry was subsequently declared king by Parliament. But although Henry had conducted himself fairly honorably, he was considered a usurper, and his reign was plagued with conflict and rebellion. Many of the magnates who had supported him in defeating Richard were more interested in building their own power bases than in helping the crown. In January of 1400, when Richard was still alive, Henry quashed a conspiracy of the deposed kings supporters. Later that year, Owen Glendower started a rebellion against English rule in Wales, which Henry was unable to quell with any real success (although his son Henry V had better luck). Glendower allied with the powerful Percy family, encouraging more English resistance to Henrys rule. The Welsh problem persisted even after Henrys forces killed Sir Henry Percy in battle in 1403; the French aided Welsh rebels in 1405 and 1406. And Henry also had to contend with intermittent conflict at home and border troubles with the Scots. Henrys health began to deteriorate, and he was accused of mismanaging the funds he received in the form of parliamentary grants in order to finance his military expeditions. He negotiated an alliance with the French who were waging war against the Burgundians, and it was at this tense stage in his difficult reign that he became incapacitated in late 1412, dying several months later. Henry IV Resources Henry IV on the WebMedieval Renaissance Monarchs of EnglandHundred Years War

Top 200 Landscaping Vocabulary Words

Top 200 Landscaping Vocabulary Words Here is a list of the top 200 English vocabulary items for the landscaping industry. This selection of vocabulary is based on the Occupational Handbook provided by the United States Department of Labor. Accredited - adjective / Weve applied to an accredited bank for a loan.Actual - adjective / Our actual problem is that the shipment is late.  Additionally - adverb / Additionally, well need three mowers.Agencies - noun /   There are a number of governmental agencies that can help.Aided  - adjective /   We were aided by a few part time employees.Analyze - verb /   We need to analyze the landscape.Applicators  - noun /   Lets use the new applicators for the treatment.Approved  - adjective / The approved plans call for extra gardening.Architect  - noun /   I have a meeting with the architect tomorrow.Architectural  - adjective /   The architectural design is outstanding.Architecture  - noun /   Its important to careful consider the buildings architecture.Area  - noun /   The area beyond the marsh is ready for development.Arrangement  - noun /   Weve made an arrangement for delivery next week.  Athletic - adjective /   The athletic facilities are e xcellent.Base  - noun /   Lets leave the materials at the base.   Basis  - noun /   The basis for our design is a flower.  Bench  Ã‚  - noun /   Can you please move that bench over here?Blower  - noun /   Grab the blower and get ride of the fallen leaves.  Board  - noun /   Could you pass me that board over there?Budget  - noun /   Weve gone over budget on this project.  Building  - noun /   Youll find him in the building over there.  Business  - noun /   Our business is based on customer satisfaction.  Campus  Ã‚  - noun /   The university campus is beautiful.Candidate  Ã‚  - noun /   We have a few candidates for the job.  Care  - noun / These plants need excellent care.  Cemetery  Ã‚  - noun / The cemetery needs to be raked.Center  - noun / The center of the garden is over there.  Certification  - noun /   Well need to apply for certification.Chance  - noun / Theres a good chance we can begin next week.  Chemical  - noun /   The chemical compound is dangerous.Class  - noun / This falls into a different class.  Clear - adjective / We have a clear objective for next week.  Client  - noun /   Our client lives in Canada. Climate  - noun /   Well have to wait until the climate gets better.  Clippers  - noun /   Use those clippers to prune the hedge.  Commercial - adjective   / The commercial applications are numerous.  Communication  - noun / Communication is essential on this job.Completion  - noun /   The completion date is next month.Computer  - noun /   Let me print the invoice out on the computer.  Condition  - noun / Make sure that all the contractual conditions are met.  Construction  - noun /   Ill call some to help with the construction.  Contractor  - noun / Well need to hire a new contractor.Council  - noun /   The council decided against the project.  Create  - verb /   Lets create a space over here.  Credentials  - noun /   He has excellent credentials.  Deadline  - noun / The deadline is next week.  Demand  - noun /   The customers demands are numerous.  Design  - noun, verb /   Thats a beautiful design.  Designerà ‚  Ã‚  - noun / Lets meet with the designer next week.  Detailed  - adjective /   Youll find a detailed quote attached to this email.   Disease  - noun / Unfortunately, these plants have a disease.  Drainage  - noun / The drainage ends in the pond.  Drawing  - noun /   That drawing will give you a good idea.  Duty  - noun /   Our duties include weeding and mowing.  Educational - adjective /   I think this meeting will be very educational.Engineer  - noun /   Well need to hire an engineer for this job.  Entry  - noun /   The entry should be raised.  Environment  - noun /   The environment is very balanced.  Environmental  - adjective / Make sure to take environmental concerns into account.  Equipment  - noun /   The gardening equipment was rather expensive.  Essential  - adjective /   The essential changes will need to be made.  Estimate  - noun /   The estimate seemed very expensive.  Exam  - noun / The exam was held last week.  Existing  - adjective / We need to modify the existing structures.  Facilities  - noun / The cooking facilities need to be modified.  Feature  - noun /   One beautiful feature is the garden pond.  Federal  - adjective / Federal regulations need to be examined.   Fence  - noun /   Could you fix my fence?Fertilizer  - noun /   That fertilizer smells horrible.  Field  - noun /   There are a few cows in the field.  Firm  - noun /   We hired a firm to help us with advertising.  Flower  - noun /   What beautiful flowers!Focus  - verb /   Our focus is on green practices.  Fountain  - noun /   The fountain in the square keeps everyone happy.Freshly - adverb / That building has been freshly painted.  Functional  - adjective /   The functional guidelines are printed on that sheet.  Fungicide  - noun /   Lets use some fungicide on that wall.  Garden  - noun /   The garden will include potatoes and tomatoes.  Geographic  - adjective /   The geographic location is remote.  Golf  - noun /   Golf is a game for those who like a challenge.  Graduate  - noun, verb /   Hell graduate next year.  Grave  - noun /   That grave needs to be cleaned.  Greenskeepers  - noun /   The gre enskeepers are working on the greens.  Grounds  - noun / Hes somewhere on the grounds.  Groundskeepers  - noun /   The groundskeepers come twice a month.   Handsaw  - noun / Lets use a handsaw to cut off that limb.  Healthy  - adjective / Thats a healthy alternative.  Hedge  - noun / The hedge needs to be trimmed.  Herbicide  - noun / Lets use a herbicide to deal with the weeds.  Hire - verb / We need to hire two new gardeners.  Historic  - adjective /   That historic building is beautiful.  Hold  - verb /   Could you please hold this for me?Homeowner  Ã‚  - noun /   Homeowners have some concerns in this economy.Horticulture  - noun /   I wish I would have studied horticulture.  Hotel  - noun /   The hotel is located at the end of the street.  Idea  - noun /   Thats a great idea!Impact  - noun, verb /   What do you think the impact will be?Insecticide  - noun /   Youll need to use an insecticide on that plant.  Institutional  - adjective / institutional spending has increased.  Institution  - noun / The institution hired a consulting company.  Interest  - noun / Do you have any interest in a fountain?Intern  - noun /   The intern helped us with the design.  Internship  - noun /   Were offering an internship at the company next week.   Involved  - adjective / The project is extremely involved and complex.  Land  - noun / The land costs are considerable.Landscape  - noun, verb / Isnt the landscape lovely?Lawn  Ã‚  - noun / The lawn needs watering.  Lawnmower  - noun / Use that lawnmower over there to cut the lawn.  Leaf  - noun / That looks like a maple leaf.  License  - noun / Have we got the license yet?Licensed  - adjective / The licensed plumber will be coming soon.  Maintain  - verb / Who will maintain the garden once weve finished?Maintenance  - noun /   The maintenance will cost about $200 per month.Major - adjective / Thats a major development.Mow  - verb /   Could you mow the lawn this afternoon?Natural  - adjective / We only use natural products.  Offer  - verb /   Were offering a 20% discount.  Parking  - noun / The parking is behind the building.  Park  - noun /   The trees in the park need to be trimmed.  Pass  - verb /   Weve passed the exam.à ‚  Pesticide  - noun / How much pesticide did you use?Plan  - noun /   Our plan is to finish by next week.   Plant  - noun, verb / Please plant these tomatoes in the garden.Playground  - noun /   The playground is full of children.  Power  - noun, verb / We use solar energy to power the house.  Prepare  - verb /   Lets prepare an estimate.  Prevent  - verb /   This will prevent moss growing on the lawn.  Procedure  - noun /   We need to review our procedures.  Professional  - noun, adjective / Hes a professional gardener.  Program  Ã‚  - noun /   Our program includes monthly maintenance.  Project  - noun /   The project will take three months to complete.  Pruners  - noun /   Use the pruners to trim the tree.  Public  - noun, adjective / Public interest has been outstanding.  Quality  Ã‚  - noun /   We only provide top quality.  Regional - adjective /   The regional competitors are excellent.  Registration  - noun / The registration is due by the end of the week.  Restoration  - noun /   The restoration of the buildin g should take two months.  Road  - noun /   The road needs to be paved.  Safety  - noun /   Safety is always our first concern.   Saw  - noun, verb /   Use the saw to cut off that limb.  Section  - noun /   One section focuses on designing gardens.  Service  - noun, verb /   We offer a wide variety of services.  Shrub  - noun /   The shrub is lovely.  Site  - noun /   The site needs to be reviewed.  Soil  - noun /   The soil is very rich.  Specialist  - noun /   The specialist will be in next week.  Specialize - verb / Id like to specialize in horticulture.  Supervision  - noun / Project supervision was given to Kevin.  Supervisor  - noun / The supervisor let everyone go home early.  Tree  - noun / That tree needs to be trimmed.  Trim  - verb / Please trim that tree.  Trimmer  Ã‚  - noun / Use the trimmer on that tree over there.  Turf  - noun / We need some new turn to repair our lawn.  Variety  Ã‚  - noun / We have a number of varieties.  Vegetation  - noun / The vegetation is very lush in Oregon.  Walkway  - noun /   The walkway was paved in stone.  Wetlands  - noun / The wetlands attract a lot of birds.

Life is college Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life is college - Essay Example I further hoped that, through healthy relationships both with fellow students and the faculty, I would acquire great approach in learning and handling major courses in my field of choice. To me, being able to value relations with people, time, energy, besides personal abilities is an important duty if one aims for achieving real success. It was in my hope to meet different kinds of people with whom to share ideas or insights for I hoped as well to develop my communication skills and become an assertive and competent student through the span of my college life. Aside from fruitful interactions with other individuals, friends and colleagues alike, I also expected to have a rewarding experience with the academic facilities and resources of ISU, thinking of the possible ways I could utilize them to be equipped with adequate skills and knowledge toward scholastic excellence. On the other hand, however, I was anxious of encountering difficult subjects and instructors who might fall short at teaching the class with efficient tools and methods. I know the subject areas I am often weak at and I normally struggle to cope with subject matters that seem too technical or too analytical to comprehend. Inasmuch as I can, I would typically go an extra mile of studying and asking for all the help I can obtain to prepare myself for major exams and presentations. One of my greatest fears before was being left behind and failing to get by with the mental and emotional challenge of tertiary level studies. I feared loads of curricular assignments and take-home projects that could set me in conflict with time management and especially the potential to produce something that deserves an A. I thought that if I would not be able to interact sufficiently with people due to language barrier and other factors, I might find it hard to pass and finish college with grades that mu st make my parents proud. Now that I am in the eighth week of college at ISU, I must confess

NURSING RESEARCH DISCUSION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NURSING RESEARCH DISCUSION - Assignment Example From all the importance listed above, many government agencies as well as professional associations have come up with specific rules in relation to biomedical research. For example, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and National Institute of health (NIH) play crucial roles. Institutional review board (IRB) is an organization that has the role of monitoring as well as approving biomedical research on human subjects. Even though IRB has the key function of safeguarding human subjects, it has failed in fully implementing its role. As stated by bioethicists, IRB has not been strict in carrying out its roles due to conflicts of ideologies. An example of failed protection against human rights is depicted where a fake product called Adhesiabloc was approved by Coast International Review Board. In addition, IRBs have exemptions in a number of human subjects for example research on human subject that involve special as well as standard instructional

Economic Topics Essay Example for Free

Economic Topics Essay Discuss how the government can use discretionary fiscal policy and automatic stabilisers to stabilise fluctuations in real GDP. What tools does the government have at its discretion to stabilise the economy? Suppose the government decides to decrease income taxes. Show in a diagram and explain how this policy will lead to an increase in real GDP. Explain how potential output may be affected. Any government program that tends to reduce fluctuations in GDP automatically is called an automatic stabilizer. The reduction in economic activity automatically reduced tax payments, reducing the impact of the downturn on disposable personal income. Furthermore, the reduction in incomes increased transfer payment spending, boosting disposable personal income further. Fiscal policy is the use of government expenditures and taxes to influence the level of economic activity; it is the government counterpart to monetary policy. Fiscal policy is the best counter-stabilisation tool available to any government. Discretionary government spending and tax policies can be used to shift aggregate demand. Expansionary fiscal policy might consist of an increase in government purchases or transfer payments, a reduction in taxes, or a combination of these tools to shift the aggregate demand curve to the right. A contractionary fiscal policy might involve a reduction in government purchases or transfer payments, an increase in taxes, or a mix of all three to shift the aggregate demand curve to the left. Income taxes affect the consumption component of aggregate demand. A reduction in income taxes increases disposable personal income, increases consumption (but by less than the change in disposable personal income), and increases aggregate demand. That shifts the aggregate demand curve rightward by an amount equal to the initial change in consumption that the change in income taxes produces times the multiplier. Suppose, for example, that income taxes are reduced by $200 billion. Only some of the increase in disposable personal income will be used for consumption and the rest will be saved. Suppose the initial increase in consumption is $180 billion. Then the shift in the aggregate demand curve will be a multiple of $180 billion; if the multiplier is 2, aggregate demand will shift to the right by $360 billion. Thus, the equilibrium level of real GDP rises to $12,260 billion, and the price level rises to P2. $12,000 $ 12,260 $12,360 The economy shown here is initially in equilibrium at a real GDP of $12,000 billion and a price level of P1. A reduce of $200 billion in the level of Income Taxes (ΔT) shifts the aggregate demand curve to the right by $360 billion to AD2. The equilibrium level of real GDP rises to $12,260 billion, while the price level rises to P2.

Instant Essay -- Creative Writing Essays

Instant I'll always remember Instant. That was the nickname the men had tacked onto the muscled giant that wielded the M60 in my unit. "Instant" was short for "Instant Death." And I'll always remember the first time I saw Instant in action. I was a new Lieutenant assigned to Vietnam. Back then, the Army didn't try to develop any "team spirit" within the corps; men were rotated frequently before any friendships developed. Consequently, my men were a group of strangers united only by the need to survive. They were eighteen- and nineteen-year-olds with the eyes of old men. My first real assignment was to check a tiny hamlet, Dien Hoa. Army Intelligence believed the Viet Cong were operating from Dien Hoa. Our job was to determine if that was correct. We rode in an olive-drab chopper. The whooping blades of the helicopter give us a little relief from the relentless heat of 'Nam; the blades cut the thick, humid air and pushed a breeze downward over the passenger compartment. Soon, we circled the landing zone. The LZ looked cold. There's only one way to find out if it is really cold, I thought as I double checked my M16. If no one zapped us when we entered, it was cold. If they did, it wasn't. "Lock and load," I yelled. The helicopter circled low and slowed down until it almost hovered four feet from the ground. The door gunner mashed the spade grips on his .30 caliber M60 machine gun. The gun spewed bullets over the field below us. It was time to jump off the skids while we skimmed above the surface of the lush, green valley. My stomach felt like it was turning wrong-side-out. We dropped into the grass, stumbling under heavy packs and the weight of ammo and weapons. I wondered about snakes and hoped the groan I mad when I hit the ground was drowned by the noise of the helicopters. Though the helicopter gunner continued firing into the heavy growth to the north of them, there was no return fire. We were safe for the moment. "OK," I yelled signaling with my hands the way you're not supposed to. Hand signals are a good way to mark yourself as the leader. It's just the thing enemy snipers watch for. But few of my twenty-seven men could hear me over the roar and firing of the helicopters. I had no choice. "Move out. On the double," I ordered. The choppers lifted. We were on our own. The soldiers started with the usual complaining b... ...prized buck. We made careful, deliberate shots. One after another, the black, running forms crumpled. With a final flurry of shooting, only a lone Charlie managed to escape into the grove of trees below. The bodies of the VC dotted the open hillside. Sporadic last shots ended the lives of the few wounded who continued to stir below us. Complete silence reigned for a few moments, then Blake yelled an obscenity at the last Cong who had eluded us. Silence. "We did it," I simply said, my words falling flat. A weak cheer went down the line; one man dropped to his knees and cried. Even though we'd all felt as good as dead, we realized we had won. Afterward, waiting with the wounded and dead for dustoff, I thought about the firefight. Instants selfless deed had saved our skins. It was little wonder the men had so much respect for the soldier. I studied him for a moment. He sat by himself beneath a tree, carefully cleaning his M60 like a mother washing a baby. He wore a bandage over his right eye and a second on his arm; except for those minor wounds, he had managed to come through the fight uninjured. And he'd shown a green lieutenant and his men what true bravery was.

Spring Festival

Spring festival In China, New Year's Day is a solemn occasion. Every family performs religious rites at the family altar. In order to rejoice at the New Year, people wished others a happy new year and blessed heartily. Some stick calligraphies full of joy on doors, most of them were antithetical couplet, phrase, individual character, such as: blessing, longevity, luckiness, propitious New Year and so on.Whereas, some people pasted paper-cuts for window decorations to do away with the old and set up the new, the patterns of paper-cuts mainly consisted of figure, flower, character, any of the twelve animals representing the twelve Earthly Branches, and other animals. On New Year's Eve, all the members of families come together to feast. Jiaozi is popular in the north, while southerners favor a sticky sweet glutinous rice pudding called Nian Gao. Before the eve of the New Year, everyone tries to come back home from every corner of the country to join the entire family, just like America ns' practice for Christmas, to greet the New Year.A New Year big dinner is served. After the meal, the table is cleared, dishes washed and put away. Then it is time to undertake final preparations to meet the New Year. In the morning, people put on their new clothes and shoes. Men, with their wives, call on relatives and friends to wish them a â€Å"Happy and Prosperous New Year â€Å". The caller is served tea with sweet-meats; melon seeds, both red and black; and fruits and delicacies such as puffed rice cakes, dump-lings and deep-fried round doughnuts. In addition, liquor and tobacco are offered.Before leaving, the well-wisher present gifts of money wrapped in red paper to all the unmarried children of the family. Starting from the New Year's Day, people began going out to visit friends and relatives, taking with them gifts such as fruits, wines, flowers, etc. This period was a time for visiting and amusement. Common expressions heard at this time are: Happy New Year. People al so enjoy all sorts of entertainment, going to the temple fairs, treating themselves to the local delicacies, and watching performances of fold art forms, which usually include ballads singing, story telling, comic dialogues, clapper talk and cross talk.During this period, quarrels are to be avoided. Words with bad connotations such as defeat, illness, surgical operations, a coffin or death are not to be used. Dishes are handled carefully, for breaking a dish on New Year's Day indicate bad luck for the coming year. An important tradition on New Year's Eve is for families to gather together and spend the evening preparing dumpling or boiled dumplings. According to Chinese Culture, it is common to hide a coin or Chinese date in some of the dumplings. Whoever gets these dumplings will supposedly have good luck in the coming year.Give out money packets – On New Year's day, children receive red packets decorated with gold symbols and filled with â€Å"lucky money†. Serve fes tive foods – Throughout the New Years season, certain foods are served because they symbolize abundance and good fortune. Besides preparing special dishes, tangerines and oranges are often passed out to children and guests, as they symbolize wealth and good luck. Prepare a Tray of Togetherness – This is a circular tray with eight compartments, each containing symbolic foods such as lotus seeds which provides a sweet beginning to the New Year. Spring Festival Spring festival In China, New Year's Day is a solemn occasion. Every family performs religious rites at the family altar. In order to rejoice at the New Year, people wished others a happy new year and blessed heartily. Some stick calligraphies full of joy on doors, most of them were antithetical couplet, phrase, individual character, such as: blessing, longevity, luckiness, propitious New Year and so on.Whereas, some people pasted paper-cuts for window decorations to do away with the old and set up the new, the patterns of paper-cuts mainly consisted of figure, flower, character, any of the twelve animals representing the twelve Earthly Branches, and other animals. On New Year's Eve, all the members of families come together to feast. Jiaozi is popular in the north, while southerners favor a sticky sweet glutinous rice pudding called Nian Gao. Before the eve of the New Year, everyone tries to come back home from every corner of the country to join the entire family, just like America ns' practice for Christmas, to greet the New Year.A New Year big dinner is served. After the meal, the table is cleared, dishes washed and put away. Then it is time to undertake final preparations to meet the New Year. In the morning, people put on their new clothes and shoes. Men, with their wives, call on relatives and friends to wish them a â€Å"Happy and Prosperous New Year â€Å". The caller is served tea with sweet-meats; melon seeds, both red and black; and fruits and delicacies such as puffed rice cakes, dump-lings and deep-fried round doughnuts. In addition, liquor and tobacco are offered.Before leaving, the well-wisher present gifts of money wrapped in red paper to all the unmarried children of the family. Starting from the New Year's Day, people began going out to visit friends and relatives, taking with them gifts such as fruits, wines, flowers, etc. This period was a time for visiting and amusement. Common expressions heard at this time are: Happy New Year. People al so enjoy all sorts of entertainment, going to the temple fairs, treating themselves to the local delicacies, and watching performances of fold art forms, which usually include ballads singing, story telling, comic dialogues, clapper talk and cross talk.During this period, quarrels are to be avoided. Words with bad connotations such as defeat, illness, surgical operations, a coffin or death are not to be used. Dishes are handled carefully, for breaking a dish on New Year's Day indicate bad luck for the coming year. An important tradition on New Year's Eve is for families to gather together and spend the evening preparing dumpling or boiled dumplings. According to Chinese Culture, it is common to hide a coin or Chinese date in some of the dumplings. Whoever gets these dumplings will supposedly have good luck in the coming year.Give out money packets – On New Year's day, children receive red packets decorated with gold symbols and filled with â€Å"lucky money†. Serve fes tive foods – Throughout the New Years season, certain foods are served because they symbolize abundance and good fortune. Besides preparing special dishes, tangerines and oranges are often passed out to children and guests, as they symbolize wealth and good luck. Prepare a Tray of Togetherness – This is a circular tray with eight compartments, each containing symbolic foods such as lotus seeds which provides a sweet beginning to the New Year.